对汽车撞柱的仿真研究

由于许多汽车事故是因为车辆撞枉而造成的，根据采集得到的真实事故数据，应用LS—DYNA和MADY—MO对车辆撞柱进行仿真，时仿真结果与事故调查结果比较分析表明，该仿真结果能真实反应实际撞柱情况，仿真方法的有效性得以证实。     

Welfare and environmental benefits of integrating commercially viable free-range broiler chickens into newly planted woodland: A UK case study

The commercial, welfare and environmental impacts of rearing small colonies of free-range chickens in newly planted woodland at two sites in the UK, during the first 2 years of the enterprise, were investigated. Newly planted rather than established trees were used so that commercially viable species could be planted in a way that would suit the management of the chicken enterprise, and small colonies were used so that farmers wishing to diversify could buy into the system progressively. It was anticipated that marketing a high specification product would provide an immediate income, whilst waiting for the future investment in trees to grow.     

浙江省农业机械化水平的总体评价与地区比较

为科学评价农业机械化发展水平,在分析现有农业机械化水平评价方法的基础上,根据浙江省农业机械化发展现状及有关文献,建立和确定了浙江省农业机械化水平评价指标体系、评价标准以及各评价指标的权重;最后,利用2005年浙江省和其所属11个地(市)的有关统计数据计算出全省和各地区的农业机械化水平.评价结果表明,与实际情况基本一致,为加强农业机械化的宏观管理提供了科学依据.     

我国北方地区节水农业技术水平及评价

在系统分析我国节水农业技术水平现状的基础上 ,对各类节水技术的差距和存在问题进行了探讨 ,提出了各类技术亟待研究解决的若干重点问题。并指出建立以渠道防渗技术、管道输水技术及地面灌水技术为核心 ,符合国情的节水农业技术体系已迫在眉睫。     

Creating and Consolidating Locally Managed Irrigation in Turkey: the National Perspective

The Turkish program of irrigationmanagement transfer has gained worldwidecelebrity for its speed and effectiveness. This paper describes the program brieflyand assesses its effectiveness from anational perspective. The assessmentincludes changes in staffing levels,operational costs, service fee levels, andcost recovery from farmers. A companionpaper examines impacts at the local leveland looks specifically at changes in systemperformance.     

The value of performance studies of irrigation projects for lending agencies

This paper looks at the World Bank's experience with irrigation and drainage projects and compares their performance expected at appraisal stage with the performance re-assessed at completion and at the time of impact evaluation, typically 3 to 5 years later when projects have reached their full potential. This review confirms the over-optimistic assumptions of project performance at appraisal and completion stages. The deficiencies in water distribution are far greater than suspected, affecting cropping intensity and crop yields much more than originally thought. An important lesson from this memo is the need to adopt more realistic values of key parameters in the preparation of irrigation projects.     

基于环境费用-效益分析的农村户用沼气池效益分析

利用环境经济学中环境费用-效益分析的原理和方法,对农村户用沼气池的效益进行分析和计算,并且将环境效益考虑在内进行分析,结果显示户用沼气池建设有显著的效益.     

An integrated modelling toolbox for water resources assessment and management in highland catchments: Model description

Water and land resource competition and environmental degradation pose difficult questions for resource managers. In particular, the ensuing trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social factors and their spatiotemporal variability must be considered when implementing management policies. This paper describes an integrated modelling toolbox that has been developed for highland catchments – specifically the Mae Chaem catchment in Northern Thailand. This toolbox contains models of crop growth, erosion and rainfall-runoff, as well as household decision and socioeconomic impact models. The approach described advances and complements previous approaches by: considering more complex interactions between land-use decisions and the hydrological cycle; modelling household decisions based on uncertain expectations; and assessing impacts of changes not only on flows and household income, but also on subsistence production and erosion. An example of the types of trade-offs and scenarios that can be assessed using the integrated modelling toolbox is also presented. This demonstrates that for the scenarios presented, the magnitude and direction of impacts simulated by the model is not dependent on climate. Further testing of the model is demonstrated in a companion paper. Overall, the plausibility of the model is shown.     

东港灌区运行状况综合评价研究

在灌区续建配套与节水改造规划工作实施的基础上，拟建了一套合理的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的权重，建立了模糊综合评判（FCE）数学模型，并运用该模型对东港市的三个灌区的运行状况进行综合评价，评价结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

漳河灌区节水灌溉影响分析

为了解决越来越严重的水资源危机，发展节水灌溉已经成为灌区越来越重要的任务。自改革开放以来，漳河灌区灌溉用水量有了大幅度下降，而农业生产总产量却有所上升。灌区通过节水灌溉，使得灌溉水分生产率不断提高，在保证农业生产总产量稳步提高的前提下节约灌溉用水。与此同时，将所节约的农业灌溉用水转移到如发电、城镇供水、工业用水等非农业用水部门，从而大大提高了单方水利用效益。这是我国开展节水灌溉较为成功的典范。通过研究漳河灌区节水灌溉的影响，寻求大型灌区真实节水的途径，使得有限的水资源得到更加充分、合理的利用。